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Teil 1 bis Prophylaxe:

1  El-Bahnasawy MM, Khalil HH, Morsy TA. Babesiosis in an Egyptian boy acquired from pet dog, and a general review. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2011; 41 (01) 99-108

2  Babes V. Sur lʼhemoglobinurie bactérienne du boeuf. C R Acad Sci Ser III Sci Vie 1888; 107: 692-694

3  Roncalli AR. The history of Italian parasitology. Vet Parasitol 2001; 98: 3-30

4  Jacobson LS, Clark IA. The pathophysiology of canine babesiosis: new approaches to an old puzzle. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1994; 65 (03) 134-145

5  Welzl C, Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS. et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage/dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2001; 72 (03) 158-162

6  Clark IA, Jacobson LS. Do babesiosis and malaria share a common disease process?. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998; 92 (04) 483-488

7  Patton WS. Preliminary report on a new piroplasm (Piroplasma gibsoni sp. nov.) found in the blood of the hounds of the Madras Hunt and subsequently discovered in the blood of the jackal Canis aureus. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1910; 3: 274-280

8  Schnittger L, Rodriguez AE, Florin-Christensen M, Morrison DA. Babesia: a world emerging. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12 (08) 1788-1809

9  Lack JB, Reichard MV, Van Den Bussche RA. Phylogeny and evolution of the Piroplasmida as inferred from 18S rRNA sequences. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42 (04) 353-363

10  Baneth G. Reclassification of Theileria annae as Babesia vulpes sp. nov. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 207

11  Zahler M, Rinder H, Schein E, Gothe R. Detection of a new pathogenic Babesia microti-like species in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2000; 89: 241-248

12  Kjemtrup AM, Wainwright K, Miller M. et al. Babesia conradae sp. nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California. Vet Parasitol 2006; 138: 103-111

13  Birkenheuer AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog. Vet Parasitol 2004; 124(3 – 4): 151-160

14  Duh D, Tozon N, Petrovec M. et al. Canine babesiosis in Slovenia: molecular evidence of Babesia canis canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Vet Res 2004; 35 (03) 363-368

15  Baneth G, Cardoso L, Brilhante-Simoes P, Schnittger L. Establishment of Babesia vulpes n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae), a piroplasmid species pathogenic for domestic dogs. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12: 129

16  Hartelt K, Pluta S, Oehme R, Kimmig P. Spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Germany due to global warming. Parasitol Res 2008; 103 (Suppl. 01) 109-116

17  Najm NA, Meyer-Kayser E, Hoffmann L. et al. A molecular survey of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and their ticks from Thuringia, Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5 (04) 386-391

18  Brandao LP, Hagiwara MK, Myiashiro SI. Humoral immunity and reinfection resistance in dogs experimentally inoculated with Babesia canis and either treated or untreated with imidocarb dipropionate. Vet Parasitol 2003; 114: 253-265

19  Boozer L, Macintire D. Babesia gibsoni: An emerging pathogen in dogs. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian–North American Edition 2005; 27 (01) 33-42

20  Jefferies R, Ryan UM, Jardine J. et al. Blood, Bull Terriers and Babesiosis: further evidence for direct transmission of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Aust Vet J 2007; 85: 459-463

21  Jeagley TJ, Reichard MV, Hempstead JE. et al. Detection of Babesia gibsoni and the canine small Babesia ‚Spanish isolate‘ in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235: 535-539

22  Birkenheuer AJ, Correa MT, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227: 942-947

23  Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Stebbins M. et al. Serosurvey of anti Babesia antibodies in stray dogs and American pit bull terriers and American staffordshire terriers from North Carolina. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39: 551-557

24  Trotta M, Carli E, Novari G. et al. Clinicopathological findings, molecular detection and characterization of Babesia gibsoni infection in a sick dog from Italy. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165: 318-322

25  Irwin PJ. Canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control. Parasit Vectors 2009; Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S4

26  Ayoob AL, Hackner SG, Prittie J. Clinical management of canine babesiosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2010; 20 (01) 77-89

27  Mierzejewska EJ, Welc-Faleciak R, Bednarska M. et al. The first evidence for vertical transmission of Babesia canis in a litter of Central Asian Shepherd dogs. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014; 21 (03) 500-503

28  Fukumoto S, Suzuki H, Igarashi I, Xuan X. Fatal experimental transplacental Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35: 1031-1035

29  Eckert J, Friedhoff KT, Zahner H, Deplazes P. Lehrbuch der Parasitologie für die Tiermedizin. Stuttgart: Enke; 2005: 57

30  Barutzki D, Reule M, Scheunemann R. et al. Die Babesiose des Hundes. Dt Tierärztebl 2007; 55: 284-293

31  Zahler M, Rinder H, Schein E, Gothe R. Detection of a new pathogenic Babesia microti-like species in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2000; 89 (03) 241-248

32  Zahler M, Rinder H, Zweygarth E. et al. Babesia gibsoni of dogs from North America and Asia belong to different species. Parasitol 2000; 120 (04) 365-369

33  Beck R, Vojta L, Mrljak V. et al. Diversity of Babesia and Theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in Croatia. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39 (07) 843-848

34  Falkenö U, Tasker S, Osterman-Lind E, Tvedten HW. Theileria annae in a young Swedish dog. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55: 50

35  Hinaidy HK, Tschepper P. Babesia canis in a dog in Austria. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 1979; 66: 302-304

36  Schwendenwein I. Canine babesiosis in Austria – review of clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy with reference to four cases. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 1989; 76: 161-164

37  Daugschies A. Import von Parasiten durch Tourismus und Tierhandel. Dtsch tierärztl Wschr 2001; 108: 348-352

38  Heile C, Heydorn AO, Schein E. Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) – Verbreitung, Biologie und Vektor von Babesia canis in Deutschland. Berl Münch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 119(7 – 8): 330-334

39  Janjić F, Sarvan D, Tomanović S. et al. A short-term and long-term relationship between occurrence of acute canine babesiosis and meteorological parameters in Belgrade, Serbia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10: 101273

40  Deplazes P, Eckert J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zahner H. Lehrbuch der Parasitologie für die Tiermedizin. 3. Aufl. Stuttgart: Enke; 2013

41  Deplazes P, Staebler S, Gottstein B. Reisemedizin parasitärer Erkrankungen des Hundes. Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 2006; 148: 447-461

42  Belton D. Import risk analysis: Babesia gibsoni in dogs (Canis familiaris) and dog semen. Wellington (NZ): Biosecurity Authority, MAF 2003.

43  Karbowiak G. The occurrence of the Dermacentor reticulatus tick-its expansion to new areas and possible causes. Ann Parasitol 2014; 60 (01) 37-47

44  Mehlhorn H. Light and electron microscopic study on developmental stages of Babesia canis within the gut of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus. J Parasitol 1980; 66 (02) 220-228

45  Martinod S, Brossard M, Moreau Y. Immunity of dogs against Babesia canis, its vector tick Dermacentor reticulatus, and Ixodes ricinus in endemic area. J Parasitol 1985; 71: 269-273

46  Uilenberg G. Babesia – a historical overview. Vet Parasitol 2006; 138(1 – 2): 3-10

47  Rubel F, Brugger K, Monazahian M. et al. The first German map of georeferenced ixodid tick locations. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 477

48  Hartelt K, Rieker T, Oehme RM. et al. First evidence of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) in dogs in Western Europe. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 7: 163-166

49  Teodorowski O, Kalinowski M, Winiarczyk D. et al. Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs – A European Perspective. Animals 2022; 12 (06) 730

50  Chao LL, Liao HT, Ho TY, Shih CM. First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Acta Trop 2017; 166: 356-362

51  Homer MJ, Aguilar-Delfin I, Telford SR. et al. Babesiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 451-469

52  Yabsley MJ, Shock BC. Natural history of Zoonotic Babesia: Role of wildlife reservoirs. Intern J Parasitol Parasit Wild 2013; 2: 18-31

53  Kjemtrup AM, Conrad PA. Human babesiosis: an emerging tick-borne disease. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1323-1337

54  Mellanby RJ, Handel IG, Clements DN. et al. Breed and sex risk factors for canine babesiosis in South Africa. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25: 1186-1189

55  Hornok S, Edelhofer R, Farkas R. Seroprevalence of canine babesiosis in Hungary suggesting breed predisposition. Parasitol Res 2006; 99: 638-642

56  Martinod S, Brossard M, Moreau Y. Immunity of dogs against Babesia canis, its vector tick Dermacentor reticulatus, and Ixodes ricinus in endemic area. J Parasitol 1985; 71 (03) 269-273

57  Kraje AC. Canine haemobartonellosis and babesiosis. Compend Contin Educ 2001; 23: 310-318

58  Solano-Gallego L, Capri A, Pennisi MG. et al. Acute febrile illness is associated with Rickettsia spp infection in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 216

59  Eichenberger RM, Riond B, Willi B. et al. Prognostic markers in acute Babesia canis infections. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30: 174-182

60  Matijatko V, Torti M, Schetters TP. Canine babesiosis in Europe: how many diseases?. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28 (03) 99-105

61  Milanović Z, Vekić J, Radonjić V. et al. Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33: 1686-1694

62  Schetters TP, Kleuskens JA, Van De Crommert J. et al. Systemic infl ammatory responses in dogs experimentally infected with Babesia canis; a haematological study. Vet Parasitol 2009; 162: 7-15

63  Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 494-498

64  Miro G, Checa R, Paparini A. et al. Theileria annae (syn. Babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in NW Spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 217

65  Vannier EG, Diuk-Wasser MA, Mamoun CB, Krause PJ. Babesiosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015; 29: 357-370

66  Solano-Gallego L, Baneth G. Babesiosis in dogs and cats – expanding parasitological and clinical spectra. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181: 48-60

67  Solano-Gallego L, Trotta M, Carli E. et al. Babesia canis canis and Babesia canis vogeli clinicopathological findings and detection by means of PCR-RFLP in blood from Italian dogs suspected of tick-borne disease. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157: 211-221

68  Zygner W, Gójska-Zygner O, Bąska P, Długosz E. Increased concentration of serum TNF alpha and its correlations with arterial blood pressure and indices of renal damage in dogs infected with Babesia canis. Parasitol Res 2014; 113 (04) 1499-1503

69  Zygner W, Gójska-Zygner O. Increased serum urea to creatinine ratio and its negative correlation with arterial pressure in canine babesiosis. Acta Parasitol 2014; 59 (03) 548-551

70  Bohm M, Leisewitz AL, Thompson PN, Schoeman JP. Capillary and venous Babesia canis rossi parasitaemias and their association with outcome of infection and circulatory compromise. Vet Parasitol 2006; 141: 18-29

71  Ogo N, Okubanjo O, Kamani J. Current Status of Canine Babesiosis and the Situation in Nigeria: A Review. Nigerian Vet J 2011; 32 (02) 69-78

72  Globokar Vrhovec M. Retrospektive Analyse der parasitologischen Untersuchungs-ergebnisse eines privaten Untersuchungslabors: Intestinale, respiratorische und vektorübertragene Parasitosen bei Hunden und Katzen in Deutschland (2004 – 2006) [Dissertation]. Giessen: Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; 2013

73  Jongejan F, Fourie JJ, Chester ST. et al. The prevention of transmission of Babesia canis canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs using a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene. Vet Parasitol 2011; 179: 343-350

74  Adaszek Ł, Banach T, Bartnicki M. et al. Application the mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF technique for detection of Babesia canis canis infection in dogs. Parasitol Res 2014; 113 (11) 4293-4295

75  Sainz A, Roura X, Miro G. et al. Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 75

76  Vercammen F, De Deken R, Maes L. Clinical and serological observations on experimental infections with Babesia canis and its diagnosis using the IFAT. Parasite 1995; 2: 407-410

77  Fukumoto S, Sekine Y, Xuan X. et al. Serodiagnosis of canine Babesia gibsoni infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant P50 expressed in Escherichia coli. J Parasitol 2004; 90: 387-391

78  Uilenberg G, Franssen FF, Perie NM, Spanjer AA. Three groups of Babesia canis distinguished and a proposal for nomenclature. Vet Q 1989; 11: 33-40

79  Yamane I, Thomford JW, Gardner IA. et al. Evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1579-1584

80  Kovačević Filipović MM, Beletić AD, Ilić Božović AV. et al. Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli among among Clinically Healthy Outdoor Dogs in Serbia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 14: 117-122

81  Maggi RG, Birkenheuer AJ, Hegarty BC. et al. Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 127

82  Conrad P, Thomford J, Yamane I. et al. Hemolytic anemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199: 601-605

 

Teil 2 - ab Prophylaxe:

1  Zahler M, Rinder H, Schein E. et al. Detection of a new pathogenic Babesia microti-like species in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2000; 89 (03) 241-248

2  Zahler M, Rinder H, Zweygarth E. et al. Babesia gibsoni of dogs from North America and Asia belong to different species. Parasitology 2000; 120 (04) 365-369

3  Beck R, Vojta L, Mrljak V. et al. Diversity of Babesia and Theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in Croatia. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39 (07) 843-848

4  Strobl A, Pantchev N, Martin L. et al. Co-infection with Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni in a dog. Acta Vet Hung 2021;

5  Miro G, Checa R, Paparini A. et al. Theileria annae (syn. Babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in NW Spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 217

6  Matjila PT, Leisewitz AL, Jongejan F. et al. Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa. Vet Parasitol 2008; 155: 152-157

7  Solano-Gallego L, Capri A, Pennisi MG. et al. Acute febrile illness is associated with Rickettsia spp infection in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 216

8  Vercammen F, De Deken R, Maes L. Clinical and serological observations on experimental infections with Babesia canis and its diagnosis using the IFAT. Parasite 1995; 2: 407-410

9  Di Cicco MF, Downey ME, Beeler E. et al. Re-emergence of Babesia conradae and effective treatment of infected dogs with atovaquone and azithromycin. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187: 23-27

10  Lin EC, Chueh LL, Lin CN. et al. The therapeutic efficacy of two antibabesial strategies against Babesia gibsoni . Vet Parasitol 2012; 186: 159-164

11  Vercammen F, De Deken R, Maes L. Prophylactic treatment of experimental canine babesiosis (Babesia canis) with doxycycline. Vet Parasitol 1996; 66: 251-255

12  Lin MY, Huang HP. Use of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with/without diminazene diaceturate to treat naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni . Acta Vet Scand 2010; 52: 27

13  Ayoob AL, Hackner SG, Prittie J. Clinical management of canine babesiosis,. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2010; 20 (01) 77-89

14  Aktas M, Vinclair P, Lefebvre HP. et al. In vivo quantification of muscle damage in dogs after intramuscular administration of drugs. Br Vet J 1995; 151 (02) 189-196

15  Grundy SA, Barton C. Influence of drug treatment on survival of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: 88 cases (1989–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218: 543-546

16  Scott-Moncrieff JC, Treadwell NG, McCullough SM. et al. Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2001; 37: 220-227

17  Kidd L, Mackman N. Prothrombotic mechanisms and anticoagulant therapy in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23: 3-13

18  Solano-Gallego L, Baneth G. Babesiosis in dogs and cats – expanding parasitological and clinical spectra. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181: 48-60

19  Irwin PJ. Canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control. Parasit Vectors 2009; Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S4

20  Bourdoiseau G. Canine babesiosis in France. Vet Parasitol 2006; 138: 118-125

21  Eichenberger RM, Riond B, Willi B. et al. Prognostic markers in acute Babesia canis infections. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30: 174-182

22  Brandao LP, Hagiwara MK, Myiashiro SI. Humoral immunity and reinfection resistance in dogs experimentally inoculated with Babesia canis and either treated or untreated with imidocarb dipropionate. Vet Parasitol 2003; 114: 253-265

23  Jefferies R, Ryan UM, Jardine J. et al. Blood, Bull Terriers and Babesiosis: further evidence for direct transmission of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Aust Vet J 2007; 85: 459-463

24  Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 494-498

25  Birkenheuer AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog. Vet Parasitol 2004; 124(3 – 4): 151-160

26  ESCCAP. Bekämpfung von Ektoparasiten (Flöhe, Zecken, Läuse, Haarlinge, Sand- und Stechmücken) bei Hunden und Katzen. Deutsche Adaption der ESCCAP-Empfehlung Nr. 3, Februar 2022. Im Internet (Stand: August 2022): https://www.esccap.org/uploads/docs/yc6cp5ga_22022EktoparasitenEmpfehlung3.pdf

27  Universität Leipzig. Vetidata – Veterinärmedizinischer Informationsdienst für Arzneimittelanwendung, Toxikologie und Arzneimittelrecht in Kooperation mit dem Bundesministerium für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. Im Internet: https://vetidata.de

28  Taenzler J, Liebenberg J, Roepke RKA. et al. Prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto ). Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 305-311

29  Beck W. Update zur Ektoparasitenbekämpfung. Veterinärspiegel 2021; 31: 56-64

30  Halos L, Baneth G, Beugnet F. et al. Defining the concept of ‚tick repellency‘ in veterinary medicine. Parasitol 2012; 139: 419-423

31  Eckert J, Deplazes P. Vakzinen gegen Parasiten bei Haustieren. Tierarztl Prax 1996; 24: 322-329

32  Moreau Y, Vidor E, Bissuel G. et al. Vaccination against canine babesiosis: an overview of field observations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989; 83 (Suppl) 95-96

33  Schetters TP, Kleuskens JA, Scholtes NC. et al. Vaccination of dogs against Babesia canis infection using antigens from culture supernatants with emphasis on clinical babesiosis. Vet Parasitol 1994; 52: 219-233

34  Schetters TP, Kleuskens JA, Scholtes NC. et al. Vaccination of dogs against Babesia canis infection. Vet Parasitol 1997; 73: 35-41

35  Schetters T. Vaccination against canine babesiosis. Trends Parasitol 2005; 21: 179-184

36  Schetters TP, Moubri K, Cooke BM. Comparison of Babesia rossi and Babesia canis isolates with emphasis on effects of vaccination with soluble parasite antigens: a review. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2009; 80: 75-78

37  Fukumoto S, Tamaki Y, Okamura M. et al. Primeboost immunization with DNA followed by a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing P50 induced protective immunity against Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. Vaccine 2007; 25: 1334-1341

38  Fukumoto S, Tamaki Y, Igarashi I. et al. Immunogenicity and growth inhibitory efficacy of the prime-boost immunization regime with DNA followed by recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the P29 gene of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123: 296-301

39  Eckert J, Friedhoff KT, Zahner H, Deplazes P. Lehrbuch der Parasitologie für die Tiermedizin. Stuttgart: Enke; 2005

40  Uilenberg G, Verdiesen PA, Zwart D. Imidocarb: a chemoprophylactic experiment with Babesia canis . Vet Q 1981; 3: 118-123

41  Vercammen F, De Deken R, Maes L. Clinical and serological observations on experimental infections with Babesia canis and ist diagnosis using the IFAT. Parasite 1995; 2: 407-410

42  Wozniak EJ, Barr BC, Thomford JW. et al. Clinical, anatomic, and immunopathologic characterization of Babesia gibsoni infection in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). J Parasitol 1997; 83: 692-699

43  Trotta M, Carli E, Novari G. et al. Clinicopathological findings, molecular detection and characterization of Babesia gibsoni infection in a sick dog from Italy. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165: 318-322

44  Boozer L, Macintire D. Babesia gibsoni: An emerging pathogen in dogs. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian – North American Edition 2005; 27 (01) 33-42

45  Mierzejewska EJ, Welc-Faleciak R, Bednarska M. et al. The first evidence for vertical transmission of Babesia canis in a litter of Central Asian Shepherd dogs. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014; 21 (03) 500-503

46  Jeagley TJ, Reichard MV, Hempstead JE. et al. Detection of Babesia gibsoni and the canine small Babesia ‘Spanish isolate’ in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235: 535-539

47  Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 494-498

48  Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Stebbins M. et al. Serosurvey of anti-Babesia antibodies in stray dogs and American pit bull terriers and American staffordshire terriers from North Carolina. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39: 551-557

49  Springer A, Strube C. Buntzecken in Deutschland. Dt Tierärztebl 2021; 69 (01) 20-23

50  Beck S, Schein E, Baldermann C. et al. Zeckeninfestation und Zeckenprophylaxe bei Hunden im Raum Berlin/Brandenburg – Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie. Berl Münch Tierärztl Wochenschr 2013; 126: 69-76

1 Owczarczak-Garstecka SC, Christley R, Watkins F. et al. Dog bite safety at work: an injury prevention perspective on reported occupational dog bites in the UK. Safety Sci 2019; 118: 595-606

2 Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz e. V. 2018 Merkblatt Nr. 145. Trainingsplan zur Gewöhnung an das Tragen eines Maulkorbs (2018). Im Internet:https://www.tierschutz-tvt.de/alle-merkblaetter-und-stellungnahmen/#c412 ; Stand: Oktober 2020

3 Arhant C, Schmied-Wagner C, Aigner U. et al. Owner reports of use of muzzles and their effects on dogs; an online survey. J Vet Behav 2020; in press: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2020.07.006

4 Elsing N. Die Auswirkungen des Maulkorb-Tragens auf das Verhalten und die Kortisolwerte von Polizeidiensthunden und die Reaktion von Passanten auf einen Maulkorb tragenden Hund [Dissertation]. Greifswald: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald; 2019

5 Elsing N, Spitzley I, Ganslosser U. Der Einfluss des Maulkorbs auf das Verhalten und den Glukokortikoidspiegel des Hundes. Freiburg/Breisgau: 43. Tagung Angewandte Ethologie; 2011

6 Cronin GM, Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL. et al. An anti-barking muzzle for dogs and its short-term effects on behaviour and saliva cortisol concentrations. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2003; 83: 215-226

7 Pratsch L, Arhant C, Windschnurer I. et al. Strategien zur Angstreduktion in der Kleintierpraxis. Teil 1 – Stressreduzierende Methoden im Umgang mit Hund und Katze. Kleintierprax 2020; 65: 548-567

8 Arhant C, Hörschläger N, Troxler J. et al. Schutz von Hunden und Katzen in der tierärztlichen Kleintierpraxis: Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Ausstattung und des Managements sowie des Umgangs mit Patienten unter Tierschutzaspekten. Wien Tierärztl Monatsschr 2017; 104 (9–10): 259-276

9 Yin S. Low Stress: Handling, Restraint and Behavior Modification of Dogs & Cats. Davis: CattleDog Publishing; 2009

1  Bachynsky EA, Dale VHM, Kinnison T. et al. A survey of the opinions of recent veterinary graduates and employers regarding early career business skills. Vet Rec 2013; 172 (23) 604

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